The Myth of Evolution
Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind: "Who
is this that darkens counsel by words without knowledge? Gird up your loins
like a man, I will question you, and you shall declare to me. "Where were you
when I laid the foundation of the earth? Tell me, if you have understanding.
Who determined its measurements--surely you know! Or who stretched the line
upon it? On what were its bases sunk, or who laid its cornerstone, when the
morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy? Job
38:1-7
What is life? Is it
just having the right combinations of proteins in just the right order? Is a
man nothing more than a collection of substances and chemicals that happened to
somehow `become alive`?
Evolutionists claim that the process of life was started by
some unknown process, millions (or billions) of years ago. This is the
foundation of the evolutionary theory. Is there proof that this is really what
happened?
One of the greatest weaknesses of evolutionary theory is
that there are too many forms of life to have happened by chance, and the
building blocks of life are too complex to have just somehow `happened`. Could
a cell by chance come into being that "has the DNA instructions to fill
one thousand 600-page books?" (National Geographic).
Examples:
1. Research has shown that the requirements for life are so
complex that chance and even billions of years could not have produced them.
2. Spontaneous
generation (the emergence of life from inorganic materials) has never been
observed.
3. Mendel's laws of genetics explain virtually all of the
physical variations that are observed within life categories such as the dog
family. A logical consequence of these laws and their modern day refinements is
that there are limits to such variation.
4. The many similarities between different species do not
necessarily imply a genealogical relationship; they may imply a common
Designer.
5. The human body (or the body of any other creature) cannot
live without most internal organs, such as the heart, the lungs, the liver, et
cetera. Remove any of these organs, and
the specimen dies. This implies that
the entire body was created at one point in time.
6. Natural selection cannot produce new genes; it only
selects among preexisting characteristics.
7. Mutations are the only proposed mechanism by which new
genetic material becomes available for evolution.
8. Almost all observable mutations are harmful; many are
fatal.
9. No known mutation has ever produced a form of life having
both greater complexity and greater viability than its ancestors.
10. Over seventy years of fruit-fly experiments, equivalent
to 2700 human generations, give no basis for believing that any natural or
artificial process can cause an increase in either complexity or viability. No
clear genetic improvement has been observed despite the many unnatural efforts
to increase mutation rates. In addition, no `new` life form has been produced
by mutation. No fruit fly `evolved` into a mosquito or a bee.
11. There is no evidence that mutations could ever produce
any new organs such as the eye, the ear, or the brain.
12. If the earth, early in its alleged `evolution`, had
oxygen in its atmosphere, the chemicals needed for life would have been removed
by oxidation. But if there had been no oxygen, then there would have been no
ozone, and without ozone all life would be quickly destroyed by the sun's
ultraviolet radiation.
13. Two aspects ignored by studies of the origin of life
are:
a) The
beauty of the different forms of life.
b) The
symmetry of virtually all forms of life.
Evolutionary scientists ignore these aspects, primarily
because these two things suggest a Creator. Virtually all recorded mutations
produce malformed, `non-evolutionary` changes in the subject under study.
14. There have been many imaginative but unsuccessful
attempts to explain how just one single protein could form from any of the
assumed conditions of the early earth. The necessary chemical reactions all
tend to move in the direction opposite from that required. Furthermore, each
possible energy source, whether the earth's heat, electrical
discharges, or the sun's radiation, would destroy the protein products millions
of times faster than they could be formed.
15. If, despite the virtually impossible odds, proteins
arose by chance processes, there is absolutely no reason to believe that they
could ever form a self-reproducing, membrane-encased, living cell. There is no evidence that there are any
stable states between the assumed naturalistic formation of proteins and the
formation of the first living cells. No
scientist has ever advanced a testable procedure whereby this fantastic jump in
complexity could have occurred -- even if the universe were completely filled
with proteins, as you will see.
16. The cells of living creatures are enormously complex.
Every part must be present in order for the cell to survive. All the parts have
different `jobs`. It is not illogical to state that if you remove any one part,
the cell cannot survive. This obviously implies that the parts (ie, the cell
membrane, the nucleus, the ribosomes, etc.) had to have come into being at the
same time.
17. Computer-generated comparisons have been made of the
sequences of amino acids that comprise a protein which is common to 47 forms of
animal and plant life. The results of
these studies seriously place the theory of evolution into jeopardy.
18. The genetic information contained in each cell of the
human body is roughly equivalent to a library of 4000 volumes. For chance mutations and natural selection to
produce this amount of information, assuming that matter and life `somehow` got
started, is analogous to continuing
the following procedure until 4000 volumes have been
produced:
(a) Start with a meaningful phrase.
(b) Retype the phrase but make some errors and insert some
additional letters.
(c) Examine the new phrase to see if it is meaningful.
(d) If it is, replace the original phrase with it.
(e) If it is not, return to step (b).
To accumulate 4000 volumes that are meaningful, this
procedure would have to produce the equivalent of far more than 10^3000 (10 to
the 3000th power) animal offspring. To begin to understand how large 10^3000
is, realize that the entire universe has `only` about 10^80 atoms in it.
19. Based on present day observations, DNA can only be
replicated or reproduced with the help of certain enzymes. But these enzymes
can only be produced at the direction of DNA. Since each requires the other, a
satisfactory explanation for the origin of one must simultaneously
explain the origin of the other.
20. Amino acids, when found in nonliving matter, come in two
forms that are chemically equivalent; about half can be described as
"right-handed" and half "left-handed" (a structural
description -- one is the mirror image of the other). However, the protein
molecules found in all forms of life, including plants, animals, bacteria,
molds, and even viruses, have only the left-handed variety. The mathematical probability that chance
processes could produce just one tiny protein molecule with only left-handed
amino acids is virtually zero.
21. The simplest form of life consists of 600 different
protein molecules. The mathematical
probability that just one molecule could form by the chance arrangement of the
proper amino acids is far less than 1 in 10^527 (10 to the 527th power). The
magnitude of the number 10^527 can begin to be appreciated by realizing that
the visible universe is about 10^28 inches in diameter.
22. There are many instances where quite different forms of
life are completely dependent upon each other.
Examples include: fig trees and the fig gall wasp, the yucca plant and
the pronuba moth, many parasites and their hosts, pollen-bearing plants and the
honey-bee family consisting of the queen, workers, and drones. There are many, many others. If one member
of each interdependent group evolved first (such as the plant before the
animal), the other member could not have survived. Since all members of the group obviously have survived, they must
have come into existence at essentially the same time.
23. Earthly life forms reproduce after their own kind.
Different animals do not inter-breed. This suggests that each of these life
forms were distinctly created. Cats and dogs do not interbreed to produce
`cat-dogs`. Therefore it is highly
unlikely that different life forms were formed by species interbreeding.
FOSSIL EVIDENCE
The vast majority
of artists` conceptions
are based more on imagination than on evidence. Artists must create something between an ape
and a man; the older the specimen is said to be, the more apelike they make
it."
-- Science Digest
1. Stories claiming that primitive, ape-like men have been
found are overstated. Piltdown man was an acknowledged hoax. The fragmentary
evidence that constituted Nebraska man was a pig's tooth. The discoverer of Java man later
acknowledged that it was a large gibbon and that he had withheld evidence to
that effect. The `evidence` concerning Peking man has disappeared. Louis and
Mary Leakey, the discoverers of Zinjanthropus (previously referred to as
Australopithecus) later admitted that they were probably apes. Ramapithecus man
consists merely of a handful of teeth and jaw fragments; his teeth are very
similar to those of the gelada baboon living today. For about 100 years the world was led to believe that Neanderthal
man was stooped and ape-like. Recent studies show that this individual was
crippled with arthritis and probably had rickets. Neanderthal man, Heidelberg
man, and Cro-Magnon man are similar to humans living today. Artists' depictions, especially of the
fleshy portions of the body, are quite imaginative and are not supported by
evidence. Furthermore, the dating techniques are highly questionable.
2. Many of the world's fossils show, by the details of their
soft fleshy portions, that they were buried before they
could decay. This, together with the occurrence of polystrate fossils (fossils
that traverse two or more strata of sedimentary rock) in Carboniferous,
Mesozoic, and Cenozoic formations, is unmistakable evidence that this
sedimentary material was deposited rapidly -- not over hundreds of millions of
years.
3. Many fossils of modern looking humans have been found
deep in rock formations that are supposedly many millions of years older than
evolutionary theory would predict.
These remains are ignored or even suppressed by evolutionists.
4. The vertical sequencing of fossils is frequently not in
the assumed evolutionary order.
5. Nowhere on the earth can one find the so-called
"geologic column." Even at the Grand Canyon, only a small fraction of
this imaginary column is found.
6. If `evolution` had occurred, the fossil record should
show continuous and gradual changes from the bottom to the top layers and
between all forms of life. Just the
opposite is found. Many complex species
appear suddenly in the lowest layers, and innumerable gaps and discontinuities
appear throughout.
7. The vast majority of the sediments, which encase
practically all fossils, were laid down though water.
8. The worldwide fossil record is evidence of the rapid
death and burial of animal and plant life by a flood; it is not evidence of
slow change.
9. A `simple' protein consists of about 100 amino acids. How
likely would it be that such a protein could `chain together` by chance? Assume
that we have a `soup` full of amino acids. We want these amino acids to `link
up` at random to form a protein consisting of 100 amino acids. How many
different combinations are there? Suppose there are 20 different amino acids
available. If we wanted a chain of two acids there would be 20 possibilities
for the first and 20 for the second - a total of 20 X 20 = 400 possibilities.
For a chain of three acids, there would be 20 X 20 X 20 = 8000 possibilities.
For a protein consisting of 100 amino acids (a `simple`
protein), there would be 20^100 possibilities. 20^100 is roughly equal to
10^130. Scientists have stated that there may be as many as 10^22 stars in the
observable universe. Let's be generous and assume there are 1000 times that
many. Let`s generously assume that each star has 10 `Earths`; that is, 10
planets that have the conditions necessary for the support of life.
We will change the water into amino acids (10^46 molecules).
Thus, 10^26 * 10^46 = 10^72 amino acids on all the `earths`.
A year has less than 10^8 seconds for a total of 10^78
chains per year. Let`s assume that the universe is 100 billion years old. We
would have 10^78 * 10^11 chains formed in all the oceans of amino acids on all
of our `earths` around all our stars, for all the years that the universe has
existed. But we have seen that there are about 10^130 possibilities. Therefore,
the probability of forming by chance the given protein consisting of 100 amino
acids in 10^89 tries is less that 10^89/10^130, which equals 1/10^41, O
0.000000000000000000000000000000000000041. This is, needless to say, an
infinitely small number.
Thus, even if there were
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
`Earths`, instead of just the one Earth, the chances of life
emerging on EVEN ONE of them are bleak, to say the least.
And by the way, we looked at a `simple` protein. The
average-
sized protein has 500 amino acids!
10. Detailed studies of various animals have revealed
certain physical equipment and capabilities that cannot be duplicated by the
world's best designers using the most sophisticated technologies. A few examples include: the miniature and
reliable sonar systems of the dolphins, porpoises, and whales; the frequency
modulated radar and discrimination system of the bat; the efficiency and
aerodynamic capabilities of the
hummingbird; the control systems, internal ballistics, and
combustion chambers of the bombardier beetle; and the precise and redundant
navigational systems of many birds and fish. Scientists have `proven` that it
is aerodynamically impossible for a bee to fly. Yet it flies. The many
components of these complex systems could not have evolved in stages without
placing a selective disadvantage on the animal.
11. If sexual reproduction in plants, animals, and humans is
a result of `evolution`, an absolutely unbelievable series of chance events
would have had to occur. First, the
complex and completely different reproductive systems of the male must have
completely and independently evolved at about the same time and place as those
of the female. A slight incompleteness
in just one of the two would make both systems useless, and natural selection
would oppose their survival. Second,
the physical and emotional systems of the male and female would also need to be
compatible. Third, the complex products
of the male reproductive system (pollen or sperm) would have to have an
affinity for and a mechanical and chemical compatibility with the eggs from the
female reproductive system. Fourth, the
intricate and numerous processes occurring at the molecular level inside the
fertilized egg would have to work with fantastic precision the very first time
it happened --processes which scientists can only describe in an aggregate
sense. And finally, the environment of
the fertilized egg, from conception until it also reproduces with another
sexually capable "brother or sister," would have to be controlled to
an unbelievable degree. And if these processes did not occur at precisely the
right time, then one must restart this incredible chain of events near zero.
The odds then become so astronomical that they insult the intelligence of
anyone with common sense. The `facts` of evolution are already difficult enough
to believe, without stretching them any further. Either this series of
incredible events occurred by random processes, or else an Intelligent Designer
created sexual reproduction.
Naturalistic explanations for the evolution of the solar
system and universe are unscientific and hopelessly inadequate.
According to ALL theories on the evolution of the solar
system:
a. The planets should all rotate on their axes in the same
direction; Venus and Uranus rotate `backwards`.
b. All 42 moons of the various planets should revolve in the
same direction; at least 11 revolve `backwards`.
c. The orbits of these 42 moons should all lie in the
equatorial plane of the planet they orbit; many, including the earth's moon are
highly inclined.
d. The material of the earth (and Mars, Venus, and Mercury)
should almost all be hydrogen and helium -- similar to that of the sun and the
rest of the visible universe; actually much less than 1% of the earth's mass is
hydrogen or helium.
e. The sun should have 700 times more angular momentum than
the planets; the planets have 50 times
more angular momentum than the sun.
1. Detailed analyses indicate that stars could not have
formed from interstellar gas clouds. To
do so, either by first forming dust particles or by a direct gravitational
collapse of the gas, would require vastly more time than the alleged age of the
universe. The ONLY alternative is that stars must have been created.
2. The sun's tidal forces are so strong that dust clouds or
gas clouds lying within the orbit of Jupiter could never condense to form
planets.
3. Saturn's rings could not have formed from the
disintegration of a former satellite or from the capture of external material;
its particles are too small and too evenly distributed throughout an orbit that
is too circular.
4. The moon was not torn from the earth, nor did it congeal
from the same material as the earth since the relative abundance of its
elements are too dissimilar from those of the earth. If the moon formed from
particles orbiting the earth, other particles should be easily visible inside
the moon's orbit; none are. The moon's circular, highly inclined orbit is
strong evidence that it was never captured by the earth. If the moon was not
pulled from the earth, was not built up from smaller particles near its present
orbit, and was not captured from outside its present orbit, only one
possibility remains. The moon must have
been created in its present orbit.
5. No scientific theory exists to explain the origin of
matter, space, or time. Since each is intimately related and defined in terms
of the other, a satisfactory explanation for the origin of one must also
explain the origin of the others. Naturalistic explanations have completely
failed.
6. One Postulation of The First Law of Thermodynamics states
that the energy of our universe is constant, or `conserved`. Countless experiments have shown that
regardless of the energy conversion process, the total amount of energy (or its
mass equivalent) remains constant. A
corollary of the First Law is that no energy can be created. Since the universe obviously has energy,
that energy must have been created in the past when The First Law was not operating. Since the energy of the universe could not have created itself,
Something external must have created it.
7. Stellar evolution is assumed in estimation the age of
stars. These age estimates are then
used to establish a framework for `stellar evolution`. This is CIRCULAR reasoning.
8. There is NO evidence that galaxies `evolved`.
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1. Any estimated date prior to the beginning of written
records must necessarily assume that the dating clock has operated at a known
rate, that the initial setting of the clock is known, and that the clock has
not been disturbed. These assumptions
are not verifiable, and are not necessarily reliable.
2. A major assumption that underlies all radioactive dating
techniques is that the rates of decay, which have been essentially constant
over the past 70 years, have also been constant over the past 200,000,000
years. This bold, critical, and
untestable assumption is made even though no one knows what causes radioactive
decay.
3. The public has been greatly misled concerning the
reliability and trustworthiness of radiometric dating techniques (the
Potassium-Argon method, the Rubidium-Strontium method, and the Uranium-Thorium
method). Many of the published dates can be checked by comparisons with the
assumed ages for the fossils that sometimes bracket radiometrically dated rock.
In over 300 (or almost half) of these PUBLISHED checks, the radiometrically determined
ages were at least one geologic age in error -- indicating major errors in
methodology. An unanswered question is,
"How many other dating checks were not published because they too were in
error?"
4. Pleochroic halos, tiny spheres of discoloration produced
by the radioactive decay of particles that are encased in various crystals,
show that the earth's crust was NEVER in a molten state. Furthermore, these
halos suggest that the rate of radioactive decay was NOT constant, and in fact,
varied by MANY orders of magnitude from that observed today.
5. Geological formations are almost always dated by their
fossil content, especially by certain INDEX FOSSILS of extinct animals. The age of the fossil is derived from the
ASSUMED evolutionary sequence, but the evolutionary sequence is based on the
fossil record. This reasoning is
CIRCULAR! Furthermore, this procedure has produced many contradictory results.
6. Human footprints are found alongside dinosaur footprints
in the rock formations of the Paluxy riverbed in Texas. This obviously shows that man and dinosaurs
lived at the same time and the same place.
But evolutionists claim that dinosaurs became extinct about 30 million years
before `man` supposedly began to `evolve`.
7. Many different people have found at different times and
places man-made artifacts encased in coal!
Examples include an 8-carat gold chain, a spoon, a thimble, an iron pot,
a bell, and other objects of obvious human manufacture. Many other "out-of-place
artifacts" such as a metallic vase, a screw, nails, a strange coin, and a
doll have been found buried deeply in solid rock. By evolutionary dating techniques, these objects would be
hundreds of millions of years old; but man supposedly didn't begin to evolve
until 2-4 million years ago. This casts more doubt on the dating methods used.
8. In rock formations in Utah, Pennsylvania, Missouri, and
Kentucky, human footprints that are supposedly 150-600 million years old have
been found and examined by many different authorities. Obviously, there is a major error in
chronology.
9. The fact that there is no worldwide unconformity in the
earth's sedimentary strata implies that this entire geologic record must have
been deposited rapidly. (An
"unconformity" is an erosional surface between two adjacent rock
formations representing a time break of unknown duration. "Conformities" imply a continuous
and rapid deposition. Since one can always trace a continuous path from the
bottom to the top of the geologic record that avoids these unconformities, the
sediments along that path must have been deposited continuously.)
10. Radiocarbon dating, which has been accurately calibrated
by counting the rings of living trees that are up to 3,500 years old, is unable
to extend this accuracy and date organic remains that are more ancient. A few people have claimed that ancient wood
exists which will permit this calibration to be extended even further back in
time, but these people have not let outside scientists examine their data. On the other hand, measurements made at
hundreds of sites worldwide indicate that the concentration of radiocarbon in
the atmosphere rose quite rapidly at some time prior to 3,500 years ago. If this happened, a radiocarbon age of
40,000 years could easily correspond to a true age of 5,000 years.
1. Direct
measurements of the earth's magnetic field over the past 140 years show a
steady and rapid decline in its strength.
This decay pattern is consistent with the theoretical view that there is
an electrical current inside the earth which produces the magnetic field. If
this view is correct, then 25,000 years ago the electrical current would have
been so vast that the earth's structure could not have survived the heat
produced. This would imply that the earth could not be older than 25,000 years.
2. The atmosphere
has less than 40,000 years worth of helium, based on just the production of helium
from the decay of uranium and thorium. There is no known means by which large
amounts of helium can escape from the atmosphere. The atmosphere appears to be young.
3. The rate at which
elements such as copper, gold, tin, lead, silicon, mercury, uranium and nickel
are entering the oceans is very rapid when compared with the small quantities
of these elements already in the oceans.
Therefore, the oceans must be very much younger than a million years.
4. Evolutionists
believe that the continents have existed for at least 1 billion years. However, the continents are being eroded at
a rate that would have leveled them in a relatively short 14 million years.
5. The occurrence of
abnormally high gas and oil pressures within relatively permeable rock implies
that these fluids were formed or encased less than 10,000 years ago. If these hydrocarbons had been trapped over
10,000 years ago, there would have been leakage which would have dropped the
pressure to a level far below what it is today.
7. There have been
no authenticated reports of the discovery of meteorites in sedimentary
material. If the sediments, which have
an average depth of 1 1/2 miles, were laid down over hundreds of millions of
years, many of these steadily falling meteorites should have been
discovered. Therefore, the sediments
appear to have been deposited rapidly; furthermore, since there have been no
reports of meteorites beneath the sediments, they appear to have been deposited
recently.
8. Since 1836, over
one hundred different observers at the Royal Greenwich Observatory and U.S.
Naval Observatory have made direct visual measurements which show that the
diameter of the sun is shrinking at a rate of about .1% each century or about 5
feet per hour! Furthermore, records of
solar eclipses indicate that this rapid shrinkage has been going on for at
least the past 400 years. Several
indirect techniques also confirm this gravitational collapse, although these
inferred collapse rates are only about 1/7th as much. Using the most
conservative data, one must conclude that had the sun
existed one million years ago, it would have been so large that it would have
heated the earth so much that life could not have survived. Yet, evolutionists say that a million years
ago all the present forms of life were essentially as they are now, having
completed their `evolution` that began 200 million years ago.
9. Short period
comets "boil off" some of their mass each time they pass the
sun. Nothing should remain of these
comets after about 10,000 years. There
are no known sources for replenishing comets.
If comets came into existence at the same time as the solar system, the
solar system must be less than 10,000 years old.
10. Jupiter and
Saturn are each radiating more than twice the energy they receive from the
sun. Calculations show that it is very
unlikely that this energy comes from radioactive decay or gravitational
contraction. The only other conceivable
explanation is that these planets have not existed long enough to cool off.
11. The sun's
gravitational field acts as a giant vacuum cleaner which sweeps up about
100,000 tons of micrometeorites per day.
If the solar system were just 10,000 years old, no micrometeoroids
should remain since there is no significant source of replenishment. A large disk shaped cloud of these particles
is orbiting the sun. Conclusion: the
solar system is less than 10,000 years old.
12. Stars frequently
travel in closely spaced clusters, moving in the same direction at nearly the
same speed. This would not be the case
if they had been traveling for billions of years, because even the slightest
difference in their velocity would cause their dispersal after such great
periods of time.
13. If man and languages `evolved`, the earliest languages should
be the simplest. On the contrary, as
one studies languages that are increasingly ancient, such as Latin (200 B.C.),
Greek (800 B.C.), and Vedic Sanskrit (1500 B.C.), they become INCREASINGLY
COMPLEX with respect to syntax, cases, genders, moods, voices, tenses, and verb
forms. The evidence indicates that
languages do not Evolve, they DEvolve.
From the web-site called “Jesus
is the Lord”